Talking About  :  Oracle
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Oracle ³»¿ëÁ¤¸®

select a.*,hiredate as fieddate from emp a where 1=2;

++ IDEA ++

°ü°èÇü DB´Â JoinÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ½á¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù
µ¨ÆÄÀ̸¦ °øºÎÇÏÀÚ


Ç×»ó ¿ø¸®¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ßÇÑ´Ù
¹é¸¸°ÇÁ¤µµÀÇ data·Î ¿¬½ÀÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù

** oracleÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ÀåÁ¡ÀÌÀÚ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº
==> ºñÀýÂ÷Àû ¾ð¾î

°øÆ÷ÀÇ ¿ÜÀα¸´Ü
°øÀ» Àß ´øÁú¶§±îÁö Æ÷¼ö°¡ ¾È¹Þ¾ÆÁÖµçÁö
ÀÏ´Ü Ã³À½¿¡´Â ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ŸÀÌÇÎÀ» ÃĶó!

°üÂûÇØº¸½Ã°í °á·Ð ³»º¸½Ã¶ó

@ * ±Ùó¸¦ ºÁ¶ó!!


c/dic/dis
l --> list ¹æ±Ý Ä£ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ º¸¿©´Þ¶ó
a --> append Ãß°¡Çضó

++ ¿ì¸®°¡ °è¼Ó »ý°¢ÇؾßÇÏ´Â °Í
¹Ø¹Ù´ÚÀ» ºÁ¾ßÇÑ´Ù
ÀÌ SQL ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö

±¹Á¦°øÀÎÀÚ°ÝÁõ
¿µ¾î¹ßÀ½ ÁÁÀ¸¸é ÁÁÁÒ ^^


+++ SJèØ +++
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À̸§À» Âü ÀßÁö¾ú¾î¿ä
ÀÌ°Ç °áÄÚ ¾ÈÁß¿äÇѵ¥

Àü ÀÌ°Ô ½È¾î¿ä
ÀÌÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Íº¸½Ã°Ú½À´Ï±î
¹¹°¡ ÀÌ»óÇÏÁÒ
¹º°¡ ÀÌ»óÇÑ °Ô ¾ø³ª¿ä

¿ä ´ë¸ñ º¸À̽ʴϱî

Áß¿äÇØ¼­ º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
Ã¥¿¡ Àֱ淡 º¸´Â °Å¿¡¿ä

¿©±â±îÁö ±í°Ô º¼ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Âµ¥
Àֱ淡 º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù

Á¹¸±¶§) ¹«½¼¼Ò¸® Çϴ°žß

ex)bibleÃ¥ , 2% º¹¼þ¾Æ ´ã±É´Ù »©±â




\\\\ ù°³¯ \\\\

@ DB °øºÎ È帧
1 ´Ü°è
¨çSQL
¨èPL/SQL
2 ´Ü°è
¨éADMIN - **(º°Ç¥ ¸¸°³)ARCH  --> À̶§ oracleÀÌ applicationó·³ º¸ÀδÙ
        - ADMIN
3 ´Ü°è
¨êBackup & Recovery
¨ëNet-ADMIN
¨ìTurning   --> À̶§´Â oracleÀÌ set ó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù


## hw) RDB vs RDBMS

- R : relataional --> °ü°èÇü
- EF codd -> ·¡¸®¿¤¸®½¼ (7.3 ÈĺÎÅÍ ¶¹´Ù!)
- 8.x ORDBMS + ´ë¿ë·® data
- 8i JVM + object  (·¡¸®¿¤¸®½¼ : ¿äÆ®,ÆÄƼ,Á¦Æ®ºñÇà±â,¼º°ÝÀÌ ºô°ÔÀÌÃ÷ó·³ ´õ·¯¿ò)
- 9i XML + clustering


@ ERP vs DB behind stroy
ERP (SAP) (µ¶ÀÏ) <--- DB (oracle)
orcle ERP<Æ÷ö>  , IBM DB2
  
* °³Ã¼³» °ü°è (Çü»óÈ­)==> Table (object)
* °³Ã¼°£ °ü°è (°¡´Éʦ)==> Joing (operation)

%% ÇÔ¼ö , Join À» ÇÏ¸é ¿Ö ´À¸°°¡?

======================  @ °³¹ß life - cycle   ======================

¿ä±¸»çÇ× ¼öÁý
    ¡å
¿ä±¸»çÇ× ºÐ¼®
    ¡å
   ¼³°è
    ¡å
   °³¹ß
    ¡å
Test & Debugging

====================================================================

@ SQLÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?
sql*plus (SQL) ---> 9i DBMS
<---(°á°ú)

SQL plus ´Â DB°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °³¹ß tool & °ü¸® tool Áï , client´Ù
- ¿ì¸®´Â À̰ÍÀ» ´É¼÷ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ï¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ¿¡¿ä.
- ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³ë°¡´Ù¸¦ ÇØ¾ßÇϴ°¡ ±×·¡¾ß ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °³¹ßÀÚÀÌÀÚ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Ï±î


@ SQL(Structured *Query Language) : ±¸Á¶Àû *ÁúÀǾî
( Query -> Çٽɾî!! )  

¨ç Ansi Ç¥ÁØ  + ¾ËÆÄ
orcle - orcle (34.3%)

IBM - DB2 (32.xx) --> 36%

MS - Sql server 2000 (14%)

Informix - universal (5.6%)


- 4°³ÀÇ È¸»ç°¡ Àü¼¼°è 80% ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á¡À¯À²À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù
- SQL Ç¥ÁØÀ» äÅÃ
- oracle 100¿©°¡Áö Ç÷¡Æû ÀÌ½Ä (70¿©°¡ÁöÁ¤µµ¶ó±âµµ)

¨è English - Like
(¿µ¾î¹®¹ý°ú À¯»çÇØ!! ,´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ±¸ºÐ ¾ÈÇØ!!)

¨é °ü°èÇü DB¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¾ð¾î

**(º°Ç¥¸¸°³)¨ê ºñÀýÂ÷Àû ¾ð¾î (Non Procedural
( ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¾ð¾î°¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ °í¼öÀÇ ±æ·Î ÀεµÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½É¿ÀÇÏ°Ô ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÀÚ!!)

- SQLÀÇ ÀÌÇØµµ
  ¸í·É¾î -> application program -> set(ÁýÇÕ)

¨ë category
DDL (Data Definition Language) : µ¥ÀÌŸ Á¤ÀǾî
- Create : »ý¼º
- Drop   : »èÁ¦
- Alter  :

DCL (Data Control Language)
- Grant  : ±ÇÇÑ ºÎ¿©
- Revoke : ±ÇÇÑ È¸¼ö

¡è DBA µéÀÌ º¸Åë ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Å
=============================================
¡é °³¹ßÀÚ µéÀÌ º¸Åë ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °Å

TCL (**<º°Ç¥>Transaction<°Å·¡> Control Language)
- Commit : ÀúÁö¸£´Ù (Ä«µå¸¦ ±ß´Ù)
- Rollback : Ãë¼Ò
- Savepoint : ÀúÀåÁ¡

¡â : °¢ÁøÃâÆÇ»ç -> ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó IT »ê¾÷À» ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ÃâÆÇ»ç
¡Û : ÀϺ»¿¡´Ù°¡ ¸¸µé¾î¾ßÇÒ ÃâÆÇ»ç
¡Ù : ¹Ì±¹¿¡´Ù°¡ ¸¸µé¾î¾ßÇÒ ÃâÆÇ»ç


Query - Select (Á¶È¸)

DML(Data Manipulation Language:Á¶ÀÛ¾î)
- Insert (»ðÀÔ)
- Delete (»èÁ¦)
- Update (¼öÁ¤)

@ PL/SQL : SQL +<È®Àå> PL (Procedural Language : ÀýÂ÷Àû ¾ð¾î)
SQL*PLUS : tool °³¹ß & °ü¸® (* ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¸µç Á¦Ç°ÀÌ´Ù)

@ table (data¸¦ ´ã´Â ±×¸©)
- °³Ã¼(entity)³»ÀÇ °ü°è
- table : °¡·Î (row:record) ¿Í ¼¼·Î(column:attribute) ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â 2Â÷¿ø ³×¸ð ¹Ú½º
- select : select ____(select list) from  where

===========  Àå¼®ÁÖ °­»ç°¡ DB¸¦ ÀßÇÏ°Ô µÈ µ¿±â =========

º¸¶ó¸Å °ø¿ø --> 2õ¸¸°Ç ÀÖ´Â ÀüÈ­¹øÈ£
select * from CMRMxxx

ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®ÀåÀÌ Àüü¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ½Ç°¨ÇßÀ½°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡
DBAÀÇ »Ñ»ç¸®¿¡ ¹ß²öÇÏ¿© DB °øºÎ¸¦ ¿­ºÒ³ª°Ô ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù

ex) ¯±úÁý °ú ¿ÀÅä¹ÙÀ̸ǵé


======== ´©°¡ °è»ê(°¡°øÃ³¸®)¸¦ Çϴ°¡? client ³Ä? server ³Ä?  

1. select ename,sal from emp

2. select ename,sal*12 from emp


======================= ½Ç½À =======================


@ SQL ¿¹½Ã

SQL> Desc emp
SQL> describe emp
SQL> DESCRIBE EMP

# ¿©±â¼­ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °Í
- ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ ±¸ºÐÀÌ ¾ø´Ù

***************************************
*****         SELECT              *****
***************************************

SQL> select * from emp;
SQL> select empno,ename,job,mgr,hiredate,sal,comm,deptno from emp;

#######
- µÎ¹øÂ° ½ÄÀÌ Àǹ̰¡ ¸íÈ®Çϱ⶧¹®¿¡ ¼Óµµ°¡ ´õ ºü¸£´Ù
#######

SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp;
SQL> select empno,ename,sal,empno,empno,empno,8 from emp;

EMPNO ENAME             SAL      EMPNO      EMPNO      EMPNO          8
----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH             800       7369       7369       7369          8
7499 ALLEN            1600       7499       7499       7499          8
7521 WARD             1250       7521       7521       7521          8
7566 JONES            2975       7566       7566       7566          8
7654 MARTIN           1250       7654       7654       7654          8
7698 BLAKE            2850       7698       7698       7698          8
7782 CLARK            2450       7782       7782       7782          8
7788 SCOTT            3000       7788       7788       7788          8
7839 KING             5000       7839       7839       7839          8
7844 TURNER           1500       7844       7844       7844          8
7876 ADAMS            1100       7876       7876       7876          8
7900 JAMES             950       7900       7900       7900          8
7902 FORD             3000       7902       7902       7902          8
7934 MILLER           1300       7934       7934       7934          8

#######
- º¸°í½ÍÀº ¼ø¼­´ë·Î select list ¿¡ ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù
- ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Ä÷³¸íÀ» ³Ö¾îµµ µÈ´Ù
- ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ³Ö¾î Ä÷³À» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù
#######

SQL> select * from emp where deptno = 10;
SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno = 10 and sal > 2000;
SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno = 10 or sal > 2000;

#######
- Á¶°ÇÀ» ÁÙ¶§¿¡´Â where À» ¾´´Ù
- and ¿Í or ´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸£¸ç or ´Â ¾²Áö¸¶¶ó
#######


SQL> select ename,sal+200 bonus,sal*12 as annual_sal,comm, comm+300 "Special Bonus" from emp;

ENAME           BONUS ANNUAL_SAL       COMM Special Bonus
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------
SMITH            1000       9600
ALLEN            1800      19200        300           600
WARD             1450      15000        500           800
JONES            3175      35700
MARTIN           1450      15000       1400          1700
BLAKE            3050      34200
CLARK            2650      29400
SCOTT            3200      36000
KING             5200      60000
TURNER           1700      18000          0           300
ADAMS            1300      13200
JAMES            1150      11400
FORD             3200      36000
MILLER           1500      15600

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

####### ¿©±â¼­ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ°Í
1 Alias ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ³ª ? 3°¡Áö
¨ç °ø¹é
¨è as
¨é " ~ "

2 Null ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦
- null ó¸® µÈ ÀÚµéÀº °è»êÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù


%% hw) NULL



\\\\ µÑ°³¯ \\\\

*************************************
*****       ÇÕ¼º¿¬»êÀÚ          *****
*************************************

SQL> select ename,job from emp;

ENAME      JOB
---------- ---------
SMITH      CLERK
ALLEN      SALESMAN
WARD       SALESMAN
JONES      MANAGER
MARTIN     SALESMAN
BLAKE      MANAGER
CLARK      MANAGER
SCOTT      ANALYST
KING       PRESIDENT
TURNER     SALESMAN
ADAMS      CLERK
JAMES      CLERK
FORD       ANALYST
MILLER     CLERK

SQL> select ename||job from emp;

ENAME||JOB
-----------------
SMITHCLERK
ALLENSALESMAN
WARDSALESMAN
JONESMANAGER
MARTINSALESMAN
BLAKEMANAGER
CLARKMANAGER
SCOTTANALYST
KINGPRESIDENT
TURNERSALESMAN
ADAMSCLERK
JAMESCLERK
FORDANALYST
MILLERCLERK


SQL> select ename ||' ''s job is '||job from emp;
SQL> select ename ||' ''s job is '||job as job_list from emp;
SQL> select rpad(ename,10,' ')||' ''s job is '||lpad(job,9,' ') as job_list from emp;


#######
- ¹®ÀÚ,³¯Â¥ Data : ex) '123','ABC','03/06/11'  (but ³¯Â¥´Â Ç¥¸®ºÎµ¿)
- ¼ýÀÚ´Â ¿À¸¥ÂÊ Á¤·Ä , ¹®ÀÚ´Â ¿ÞÂÊ Á¤·Ä
- ¼ýÀÚ Data : ex) 123
- '' ´Â data ' ¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù
- rpad (right¿¡ ºÙ¿©¶ó) lpad (left¿¡ ºÙ¿©¶ó) Áï Á¤·Ä¹æ½Ä
- '[]' --> °ø¹é¹®ÀÚ´Ù
- rapd(ename,10,' ')  --> ename ÀÇ Ä÷³À» 10Ä­¿¡ ¸ÂÃç¶ó ±×¸®°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ' ' °ø¹é¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ä¿ö¶ó
#######

SQL> Select empno,ename,hiredate from emp;        

#######
- Data type ¼ýÀÚ,¹®ÀÚ,³¯Â¥
#######


SQL> select ename,sal,sal*100,sal||'00',sal||'00' - 200 from emp;

SQL> select ename,sal,sal*100,lpad(sal||'00',10,' ') as SAL100,sal||'00' - 200 from emp;


ENAME             SAL    SAL*100 SAL||'00'                                  SAL||'00'-200
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------ -------------
SMITH             800      80000 80000                                              79800
ALLEN            1600     160000 160000                                            159800
WARD             1250     125000 125000                                            124800
JONES            2975     297500 297500                                            297300
MARTIN           1250     125000 125000                                            124800
BLAKE            2850     285000 285000                                            284800
CLARK            2450     245000 245000                                            244800
SCOTT            3000     300000 300000                                            299800
KING             5000     500000 500000                                            499800
TURNER           1500     150000 150000                                            149800
ADAMS            1100     110000 110000                                            109800
JAMES             950      95000 95000                                              94800
FORD             3000     300000 300000                                            299800
MILLER           1300     130000 130000                                            129800


#######
- sal*100 ¿Í sal||'00' (¹®ÀÚ + ¼ýÀÚ)´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¥°¡
- sal||'00' - 200 °è»êÀº °¡´ÉÇѰ¡
- '' ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½Ì±Û ÄõÅ×¼ÇÀ» ¿¬¼ÓÀ¸·Î ÂïÀ¸¸é null·Î ó¸®

@ ÇÕ¼º¿¬»êÀÚ
- ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕ¼º
- sal||'00' ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ¿Í ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÇÕ¼ºÇÒ ¶§ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¹®ÀÚ·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù
À̰ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â Data Type Conversion À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù



- sal||'00' - 200  (¼ýÀÚ + ¹®ÀÚ + ¼ýÀÚ) => (¹®ÀÚ ) + ¼ýÀÚ => ¼ýÀÚ

#######


SQL> select ename,sal,sal||'00',to_char(sal)||'00' from emp;

ENAME             SAL SAL||'00'                                  TO_CHAR(SAL)||'00'
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------ -----------------------
SMITH             800 80000                                      80000
ALLEN            1600 160000                                     160000
WARD             1250 125000                                     125000
JONES            2975 297500                                     297500
MARTIN           1250 125000                                     125000
BLAKE            2850 285000                                     285000
CLARK            2450 245000                                     245000
SCOTT            3000 300000                                     300000
KING             5000 500000                                     500000
TURNER           1500 150000                                     150000
ADAMS            1100 110000                                     110000
JAMES             950 95000                                      95000
FORD             3000 300000                                     300000
MILLER           1300 130000                                     130000

#######
- sal||'00' ¿Í to_char(sal)||'00' ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¥°¡

@ Data Type Conversion
- Explicit(¸í½ÃÀû,¼öµ¿À¸·Î) Conversion
ex) to_Char(sal)||'00'

- Implicit(¾Ï½ÃÀû,ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î) Conversion
ex) sal||'00'

*** ¸í½ÃÀû conversion ÀÌ ÁÁÀº ÀÌÀ¯ 3°¡Áö
1. SQL code ÀÇ ¸í·á¼º (ʦÔÁàõÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù,À¯Áöº¸¼öÀÇ ÆíÀ̼º)
2. SQL code ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º (ÇöÀçÀÇ ÇÔ¼ö°¡ Â÷ÈÄ¿¡
3. ¼Óµµ Çâ»ó (¸í·É¾î level¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¶§ ÀåÁ¡)


#######
Àá±ñ!!
#######

±â¾÷ soft »óÀ§¾÷ü
1. SAP
2. oracle
3. people soft

soft ¾÷ü
1. M$
2. oracle


*************************************
*****         NULL              *****
*************************************

»çÀüÀû ÀÇ¹Ì : ÇÒ´çµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ~ , ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
--> Data°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â (DB) -> °ø¹é¹®ÀÚ µµ ¾Æ´Ï°í 0 µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù

1. ¿¬»êºÒ°¡ : 300 + NULL = NULL
2. ºñ±³ºÒ°¡ : IS NULL, IS Not NULL
3. Àû¿ëºÒ°¡ : ÇÔ¼ö¾È¿¡ null µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù

null°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬»êÀº ¸ðµÎ null ÀÌÁö error °¡ ³ª´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù


NULL ???

SQL> Desc dual
SQL> select * from dual;
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SQL> select 143475*127363,to_char(143475*127363,'999,999,999,999') from dual;

SQL> select 300 + 400,300/0  from dual;
SQL> select 300+ 400,300 + NULL,300/NULL from dual;

########
- 0 À¸·Î ³ª´©¸é ¾ÈµÇ¸ç null Àº ¿¬»êÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù
########


SQL> select ename,sal,comm,comm + sal*0.3 as bonus from emp;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm,nvl(comm,0) + sal*0.3 as bonus from emp;

########
@@ nvl ÇÔ¼ö (NULL value)
- NVL(comm,0)  -> (µ¿·á¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó·Î )
if comm IS NULL then Return 0;
else Return comm;
endif;

SQL> select ename,comm,nvl(comm,-999) from emp;

ENAME            COMM NVL(COMM,-999)
---------- ---------- --------------
SMITH                           -999
ALLEN             300            300
WARD              500            500
JONES                           -999
MARTIN           1400           1400
BLAKE                           -999
CLARK                           -999
SCOTT                           -999
KING                            -999
TURNER              0              0
ADAMS                           -999
JAMES                           -999
FORD                            -999
MILLER                          -999

########


SQL> select empno,sal,comm from emp;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where sal > 1000;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm > -1;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm = null;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm <> null;

########
- null Àº ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù
########


SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is null;
SQL> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is not null;

########
- null Àº is null °ú is no null ·Î ºñ±³¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù
########

SQL> select ename,length(ename),comm,length(comm) from emp;

########
- null Àº ±æÀ̵µ ¾ø´Ù
- null Àû¿ë ºÒ°¡ÇÔÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â ¿¹Á¦
########


SQL> select sal - empno , abs(sal-empno),abs(sal-comm)+100 from emp;

SAL-EMPNO ABS(SAL-EMPNO) ABS(SAL-COMM)+100
--------- -------------- -----------------
    -6569           6569
    -5899           5899              1400
    -6271           6271               850
    -4591           4591
    -6404           6404               250
    -4848           4848
    -5332           5332
    -4788           4788
    -2839           2839
    -6344           6344              1600
    -6776           6776
    -6950           6950
    -4902           4902
    -6634           6634

#########
- abs ÇÔ¼ö Àý´ë°ªÀ¸·Î
- ¿ª½Ã null ÀÌ¸é °è»ê ¾ÈÇØ
#########
select concat(ename||' is ',comm),nvl(comm,-1),decode(comm,null,-999,comm) from emp;

¾öû³­ null °ª¿¡ °³±â´Â ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù
decode!!
»ó´çÈ÷ ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÌ°í ¸·°­ÇÑ ÇÔ¼ö!!


####
Àá±ñ!!
####

Ä£±¸°¡ ±º¼ö¹°ÀÚ
3~4¾ï ERPȸ»ç¿¡¼­ µ¨ÆÄÀÌ·Î ¸¸µç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
µ¥ÀÌŸ°¡ ´Þ¶ó . DB¿¡¼­´Â Data ¿À·ù´Â Ä¡¸íÀû



%% hw)
- DUAL table Çʿ伺,ÀÌÀ¯?
- decode ¿¹Á¦,¼³¸í

*************************************
*****        DISTINCT           *****
*************************************

@ DISTINCT : Áߺ¹À» ÇÇÇÏÀÚ ,°É·¯³»´Â °Í , ÇÊÅ͸µ

SQL> select job from emp;

JOB
---------
CLERK
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
MANAGER
SALESMAN
MANAGER
MANAGER
ANALYST
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
CLERK
CLERK
ANALYST
CLERK

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

SQL> select distinct job from emp;

JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN

%% ¿Ö distinct °¡ Á¤·ÄµÇ¾î Àִ°¡?
## ¿ø¸®¿Í 󸮰úÁ¤ÀÌ ³ª´Â ±Ã±ÝÇÕ´Ï´Ù
## ¿ø¸®´Â order by ´Ù
## ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±â´ÉÀÇ ÇÔ¼öµéÀÌ ¸¹´Ù

SQL> select distinct job,deptno from emp;

JOB           DEPTNO
--------- ----------
ANALYST           20
CLERK             10
CLERK             20
CLERK             30
MANAGER           10
MANAGER           20
MANAGER           30
PRESIDENT         10
SALESMAN          30

########
- distinct ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÏ´Ù
- distinct °¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¹üÀ§´Â select listÀÇ Ä®·³¿¡ Àû¿ëÀÌ µÈ´Ù
########

SQL> select JOB from emp order by job;

JOB
---------
ANALYST
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN

SQL> select distinct job, distinct deptno from emp;
SQL> select job,distinct deptno from emp;

########

@ error ³­ ÀÌÀ¯
- distict ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¹üÀ§
- level ÀÌ ¸ÂÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é error (select [distinct] ~  ¹®¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ú¾Ò´Ù!)

########

%% hw) select ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¹®¹ý °ú ¿ø¸®


*************************************
*****        ORDER BY           *****
*************************************

order by => sort

ASC (¿À¸§Â÷¼ø)  ÀÛÀº °ÍºÎÅÍ-> Å« °ÍÀ¸·Î  ** default
DESC (³»¸²Â÷¼ø)

ex> ¿µ¾÷½ÇÀû,±º´ë,Çлý ¼ºÀû

%% µ¥ÀÌŸ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¿©Áö´Â°¡
²À ³»°¡ ³ÖÀº ¼ø¼­´ë·Î º¸¿©Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù

ex) È£ÅÚ Åõ¼÷°´ --> ²À ¼ø¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºó¹æ¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù


SQL> select job,ename,sal from emp;

JOB       ENAME             SAL
--------- ---------- ----------
CLERK     SMITH             800
SALESMAN  ALLEN            1600
SALESMAN  WARD             1250
MANAGER   JONES            2975
SALESMAN  MARTIN           1250
MANAGER   BLAKE            2850
MANAGER   CLARK            2450
ANALYST   SCOTT            3000
PRESIDENT KING             5000
SALESMAN  TURNER           1500
CLERK     ADAMS            1100
CLERK     JAMES             950
ANALYST   FORD             3000
CLERK     MILLER           1300

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

SQL> select job,ename,sal,hiredate from emp order by ename;

JOB       ENAME             SAL HIREDATE
--------- ---------- ---------- --------
CLERK     ADAMS            1100 87/05/23
SALESMAN  ALLEN            1600 81/02/20
MANAGER   BLAKE            2850 81/05/01
MANAGER   CLARK            2450 81/06/09
ANALYST   FORD             3000 81/12/03
CLERK     JAMES             950 81/12/03
MANAGER   JONES            2975 81/04/02
PRESIDENT KING             5000 81/11/17
SALESMAN  MARTIN           1250 81/09/28
CLERK     MILLER           1300 82/01/23
ANALYST   SCOTT            3000 87/04/19
CLERK     SMITH             800 80/12/17
SALESMAN  TURNER           1500 81/09/08
SALESMAN  WARD             1250 81/02/22

SQL> select ename,hiredate from emp order by ename asc;

ENAME      HIREDATE
---------- --------
ADAMS      87/05/23
ALLEN      81/02/20
BLAKE      81/05/01
CLARK      81/06/09
FORD       81/12/03
JAMES      81/12/03
JONES      81/04/02
KING       81/11/17
MARTIN     81/09/28
MILLER     82/01/23
SCOTT      87/04/19
SMITH      80/12/17
TURNER     81/09/08
WARD       81/02/22

SQL> select ename,hiredate from emp order by ename desc;

ENAME      HIREDATE
---------- --------
WARD       81/02/22
TURNER     81/09/08
SMITH      80/12/17
SCOTT      87/04/19
MILLER     82/01/23
MARTIN     81/09/28
KING       81/11/17
JONES      81/04/02
JAMES      81/12/03
FORD       81/12/03
CLARK      81/06/09
BLAKE      81/05/01
ALLEN      81/02/20
ADAMS      87/05/23

@@ order by 4°¡Áö Ç¥Çö!!

SQL> select ename,sal,hiredate from emp order by ename;
SQL> select ename,sal,hiredate from emp order by 2;
SQL> select ename,sal*12 as annual_sal from emp order by annual_sal;
SQL> select empno,ename,comm,job from emp order by comm * 12;


SQL> select ename,sal,hiredate from emp order by 2;

ENAME             SAL HIREDATE
---------- ---------- --------
SMITH             800 80/12/17
JAMES             950 81/12/03
ADAMS            1100 87/05/23
WARD             1250 81/02/22
MARTIN           1250 81/09/28
MILLER           1300 82/01/23
TURNER           1500 81/09/08
ALLEN            1600 81/02/20
CLARK            2450 81/06/09
BLAKE            2850 81/05/01
JONES            2975 81/04/02
SCOTT            3000 87/04/19
FORD             3000 81/12/03
KING             5000 81/11/17

SQL> select ename,sal*12 as annual_sal from emp order by annual_sal;

ENAME      ANNUAL_SAL
---------- ----------
SMITH            9600
JAMES           11400
ADAMS           13200
WARD            15000
MARTIN          15000
MILLER          15600
TURNER          18000
ALLEN           19200
CLARK           29400
BLAKE           34200
JONES           35700
SCOTT           36000
FORD            36000
KING            60000

SQL> select empno,ename,comm,job from emp order by comm * 12;

     EMPNO ENAME            COMM JOB
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
      7844 TURNER              0 SALESMAN
      7499 ALLEN             300 SALESMAN
      7521 WARD              500 SALESMAN
      7654 MARTIN           1400 SALESMAN
      7369 SMITH                 CLERK
      7566 JONES                 MANAGER
      7900 JAMES                 CLERK
      7934 MILLER                CLERK
      7902 FORD                  ANALYST
      7876 ADAMS                 CLERK
      7698 BLAKE                 MANAGER
      7782 CLARK                 MANAGER
      7788 SCOTT                 ANALYST
      7839 KING                  PRESIDENT

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.


## Àá±ñ!!
Àεµ¾Öµé ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀßÇØ
±Ùµ¥ ¸ðÀºÇà A4 ³×Àå
##

## Àá±ñ!!
C¾ð¾îÀÇ À½¸ð·Ð
¾î·Æ°Ô ¾î·Æ°Ô Â¥ÀÚ
±×·¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸ÓµéÀÇ ÀüÀ¯¹°·Î ÇÏÀÚ
##

SQL> select empno,comm,ename from emp order by comm asc;
SQL> select empno,comm,ename from emp order by comm desc;


SQL> select job,deptno,ename from emp order by job,deptno;
SQL> select job,deptno,ename from emp order by job,deptno desc;

JOB           DEPTNO ENAME
--------- ---------- ----------
ANALYST           20 SCOTT
ANALYST           20 FORD
CLERK             10 MILLER
CLERK             20 SMITH
CLERK             20 ADAMS
CLERK             30 JAMES
MANAGER           10 CLARK
MANAGER           20 JONES
MANAGER           30 BLAKE
PRESIDENT         10 KING
SALESMAN          30 ALLEN
SALESMAN          30 MARTIN
SALESMAN          30 TURNER
SALESMAN          30 WARD

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù

&& ÀÌ»óÇÑÁ¡
- Á¤·ÄµÈÈÄ ´Ù¸¥ row µéÀº ¾î¶² ¼ø¼­·Î Á¤·ÄÀÌ µÇ´Â°¡

** hint  ==>  rowid

===============

\\\\ ¼Â°³¯ \\\\

@@ DUAL table ~ dummy table
dummy (²®µ¥±â,Çã¼ö¾Æºñ)
ÀÏÀ» ½ÃŰ°í ½ÍÀºµ¥ select Çü½Ä¿¡ ¸ÂÃç¼­ÇØÁà¾ß´Ï±î dual À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ

SQL> select sysdate from daul;

* 󸮰úÁ¤
+++++++++++++             +++++++++++++
| ----------  |           | ----------  |
|   SQL*plus  |  ----->   |  ¡èOracle¡é |
| ----------  |           | ---------   |
|    O/S      |  <-----   |  ¡è O/S  ¡é |
| ----------  |           | ----------  |
|    H/W      |           |  ¡è H/W  ¡é |
| ----------  |           | ----------  |
+++++++++++++             +++++++++++++
    Client                       server

* sysdate : ³¯Â¥ + ½Ã°£ (system date)

* ½Ã°£À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý
1. server¿¡ ¿äûÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý (±âÁؽð£ÀÌ µÈ´Ù)
2. Àڱ⠽ð£À» Àڱ⿡°Ô ¿äûÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý (ºü¸£´Ù)

&& ¼ÂÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡

1 select sysdate from daul;
2 select sysdate from emp where rownum <2
3 select distinct sysdate from emp;

¸»ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ±â´É
ÀüÈ­°É¼ö Àִ±â´É
°³¹ßÀÚÀÇ ÇÚµåÆù ¹øÈ£ ½Äº°ÇÏ´Â ±â´É

'¾ß ³Ê ¹èÃßÀå»çÇØ!!'

++ °á°ú´Â °°¾Æ¿ä (Åýß°í µµÂøÁö´Â °°¾Æ but ¿ä±ÝÀÌ ´Þ¶ó)
È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î »Ì¾Æ³»´À³Ä ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î »Ì¾Æ³»´À³Ä
»ç·Ê¸¦ ¿Ü´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ø¸®¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ!!

°á°ú¸¦ ³»´Â °ÍÀº ±âº»ÀÌ¿¡¿ä
¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ °á°ú¸¦ ³»±â±îÁö DB°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÏÀ» ÇßÀ»±î
½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó

%% rownum ±¸Ã¼Àû,¿¹Á¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¼­ Àß ¾Ë¾Æ¿É½Ã´Ù

@@ distinct

1. Sort
2. full table scan

* distinct°¡ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯

SQL> select sysdate from emp;

SYSDATE
--------
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12
03/06/12

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

SQL> select job from emp order by job

JOB
---------
ANALYST
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
CLERK
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN

14 °³ÀÇ ÇàÀÌ ¼±ÅõǾú½À´Ï´Ù.

- ÀÌ·²¶§¿¡ °°Àº 14°³ÀÇ data¸¦ Á¤·ÄÇÑ ÈÄ Á¦°Å Çϱ⿡ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ °É¸°´Ù


%% distinc¿Ü¿¡ Áߺ¹À» ÇÇÇÏ´Â ¿¬»êÀ» ã¾Æ¶ó
¨ç union
¨è union all
¨é MINUS
¨ê INtersect

ÀǹÌ,¿¹Á¦,distinct ¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è

####
Àá±ñ!!
####
³ª¸ð ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù ¸ÁÇß¾î
¸ÔÆ¢¸¦ »ý°¢Çß´ø ¶§°¡ ÀÖ¾ú³×¿ä
»õ·ÒÀÇ ÁÁÀº Ã¥»ó  1800¾ï (Á¤ºÎ + Àç¹ú)
À̾߱â(°ñµå¹ðÅ©)´Â Á¤¸» ¿£Áø´Ï¾î
10³âÀü µÎ°íº¸ÀÚ
³×Æ®¿öÅ© »êÁõÀÎ 40´ë , J -> Ãæ¾ðÇØÁà¾ß
ºñÆ® 14±â
ÀÌÈ­½Ä »çÀå, Á¶±¤À± ÀÌ»ç(¾ÆÁ÷µµ °øºÎ, ÇÏ·ç¿¡ ¸î½Ã°£ ¿À¶óŬ °øºÎ)

%% º¸³Ê½º °è»ê
10¹ø ºÎ¼­ : ±Þ¿©ÀÇ 25.5%
20¹ø ºÎ¼­ : ±Þ¿©ÀÇ 10% + comm
±âŸ : comm ÀÇ 50%

dollar --> won(¿ø)  : ȯÀ²(1285¿ø)
õ¿ø´ÜÀ§·Î º¸³Ê½º¸¦ Áö±ÞÇ϶ó!!

select deptno,job,ename,sal,
               to_char(
                       round(
                             decode(
                                    deptno,10,(sal*0.255)*1285,
                                           20,(sal*0.1+nvl(comm,0))*1285,
                                           (nvl(comm,0)*0.5)*1285),-3),
                                          '999,999,999')||'¿ø'
as BONUS from emp order by deptno asc , BONUS desc
/

!! o¿Í 0°ú Çò±ò¸®Áö ¸»¾Æ¶ó

- view : ºÎ¼­¹øÈ£,Á÷¾÷,À̸§,±Þ¿©,º¸³Ê½º
- Á¤·Ä¼ø¼­ : ºÎ¼­º°,°í¾×º¸³Ê½ºº°
- decode¸¦ ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ÇØ¼­ select ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé¾îºÁ¿ä


*************************************
*****       TOP-N,BOTTOM-M      *****
*************************************

°¢ ȸ»ç »çÀåµéÀº ÃÖ»óÀ§ data ³ª ÃÖÇÏÀ§ data ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ¿ä

¿ì¼ö°í°´ ¼±Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ -->



select * from emp where rownum = 5;
select * from emp where rownum > 5;

select * from emp where rownum <5;
select * from emp where rownum <=5;

SQL>
     EMPNO ENAME             SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH             800
      7900 JAMES             950
      7876 ADAMS            1100
      7521 WARD             1250
SQL> select * from ( select empno,ename,sal
  2  from emp
  3  order by sal desc)
  4  where rownum <5;

     EMPNO ENAME             SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
      7839 KING             5000
      7788 SCOTT            3000
      7902 FORD             3000
      7566 JONES            2975


- º¸±â ÆíÇÏ°Ô Àß Àß¶ó¼­ ¾²¼¼¿ä
* subquery ¸¦ Àß½á¾ß ÇØ¾ßÇÔ(°í±Þ SQL°úÁ¤ ,advanced SQL °úÁ¤)

@ SQL ¿¬»êÀÚ
- Between ~ ¹üÀ§ ¿¬»êÀÚ
- IN,Any,ALL ~ List ¿¬»êÀÚ
- Like ~ ÆÐÅÏ ´ëĪ ¿¬»êÀÚ

***********************************
*****       BETWEEN           *****
***********************************

ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â data type ÀÌ °°¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù
betweenÀº »ç±â´Ù!
¿Ö ¸¸µé¾î³Ä±¸?
¹Ì±¹³ðµéÀÌ º¸±â ÆíÇϴϱî

SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp where sal between 1000 and 2000;
SQL> select empno,ename,sal from emp where sal >= 1000 and sal < = 2000;

SQL> select empno,ename,hiredate,sal from emp where sal between 2000 and 1000;

¼±ÅÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.  
- A between B and C   (A>=B and A<=C)
- B ´Â lower bound (ÇÏÇѰª)   , upper bound (»óÇѰª)

SQL> select empno,ename,hiredate,sal from emp where ename between 'C' and 'KING';
SQL> select empno,hiredate,sal from emp where hiredate between '81/02/20' and '82/12/09';
(³¯Â¥¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¼ýÀÚ, data type ´Ù¸¥¸é ¾Ï½ÃÀû conversion  ¹®ÀÚ--> ³¯Â¥)

SQL> select ename,hiredate from emp
where hiredate between to_date('81/02/20','yy/mm/dd') and to_date('82/12/09','yy/mm/dd');

cf) ³¯Â¥
- Å©´Ù ÀÛ´Ù (20020315  >  19990916)



***********************************
*****          IN             *****
***********************************

select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno in(7369,7521,7654);
select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where empno = 7369 or empno=7521 or empno=7654;
select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where job in('clerk','manager');   --- ¹®ÀÚ

¼±ÅÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

--> select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where job in('CLERK','MANAGER');

@ ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ ±¸ºÐ
- ¸í·É¾î(X)
+ SQL : select or SELECT
+ PLSQL :
==================================
+ SQL*PLUS : DESC or describe  (Ãà¾àÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù)

- µ¥ÀÌŸ(O)




***********************************
*****         ANY,ALL         *****
***********************************

select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where sal > (1000,2000,3000);   --> error
select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where sal > any (1000,2000,3000);
select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where sal > all (1000,2000,3000);

select empno,ename,sal,job from emp where sal in (1000,2000,3000);


any -->  or ·Î ¹Ù²ï´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ
ºñ±³¿¬»êÀÚ ¿·¿¡´Â ¼ýÀÚ Çϳª¸¸ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ÇÑ´Ù


**********************************
*****         like           *****
**********************************

ex) Å͹̳×ÀÌÅͰ¡ Á×ÀÏ ¸í´Ü ½º¹°¸î¸í µ¥ÀÌŸ »Ì±â, ¼­¿ï»ç´Â ±è¼­¹æ

LIKE ~ <<¹®ÀÚ>> ÆÐÅÏ ¸ÅĪ ¿¬»êÀÚ
- % : 0°³ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ
- _ : 1°³ÀÇ ¸ðµç¹®ÀÚ,À§Ä¡°¡ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù

select * from emp where ename like 'A%';
select * from emp where ename like '_A%';
select * from emp where ename like '__A%';
select * from emp where ename like '%L%E%';
select * from emp where ename like '%LE%';
select * from emp where ename like '%A%';
select * from emp where hiredate like '81%';
select * from emp where sal like 2%;   --> error like ´Â ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¿Í¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù
select * from emp where sal like '2%';    --> ¼ýÀÚ¿Í ¹®ÀÚ ºñ±³?
select * from emp where ename like '%k\_orea%' escape '\';

* \ µÚ¿¡´Â ¹®ÀÚ·Î ÀνÄÇØ¶ó!


**********************************
*****      AND , OR          *****
**********************************

¹®Á¦) where A or B and C
B ¿Í C ¸ÕÀú ¿¬»ê  BUT °ýÈ£·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº ¹æ½Ä

OR << AND  -> Turning ½Ã°£¿¡ ¹è¿öº¸ÀÚ

* optimizer
(¡â¿¡¼­ èØ Èñ¸Á±â) --> ÃÖÀûÈ­±â

- optimizer´Â or º¸´Ù and¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé or ´Â °è¼Ó º¸ÅÂÁ®¼­ DB¿¡ ºÎÇϸ¦ Áà and ´Â DB ¾çÀ» ÁÙ¿©Áà



ex)¿Õ°ÇÀÇ Ã¥»ç -> ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¿ÕÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î

select ename,job,sal from emp where sal > 1000;
select ename,job,sal from emp where job = 'CLERK';

select ename,job,sal from emp where sal > 2000 or job = 'CLERK';
select ename,job,sal from emp where job = 'CLERK' and sal > 1000;

select * from emp where sal > 1000 or job = 'CLERK' and deptno >= 20 ;

select * from emp where sal > 2000 or (job = 'CLERK' and deptno >= 20);
select * from emp where (sal > 2000 or job = 'CLERK') and deptno >= 20;


*************************************
*****  ´ÜÀÏÇà ÇÔ¼ö °³¿ä TEST    *****
*************************************

@ ÇÔ¼ö(Function)
- oracle-defined
    == Single Row function  --> f  -->   ¹®ÀÚÇÔ¼ö
    |                                    ¼ýÀÚÇÔ¼ö
    |                                    ³¯Â¥ÇÔ¼ö
    |                                    º¯È¯ÇÔ¼ö
    |                                    ±âŸÇÔ¼ö
    |
    |                       -->          
    == Group Row function   --> f  -->
                            -->
- user-defined : By PL/SQL


select ename,empno,sal,comm from emp;
select ename,lower(ename),upper(lower(ename)),length(ename),
       asb(sal - empno),comm from emp;


*************************************
*****  ±×·ìÇà ÇÔ¼ö °³¿ä TEST    *****
*************************************

! ±×·ìÇà ÇÔ¼ö´Â Àüü tableÀÇ data¸¦ Full scan(ÀдÙ,ÁÖ»çÇÏ´Ù)
! ¤¡¸ð ÀºÇà 5¾ï°Ç - Àú³á¿¡ select ÇÏ°í ¿Íµµ ¾ÆÄ§¿¡ ¿Íµµ DB°¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡
! sort´Â ¾Ï½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î sort°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëµÊÀ» ÀØÁö¸»ÀÚ


select avg(sal),sum(sal),sum(comm),count(*) from emp;

## ¿À¶óŬÀÇ ¿Õµû null Çö»ó

select deptno,count(*),sum(sal),avg(sal) from emp
group by deptno;

cf) select deptno,sal from emp order by deptno;

select deptno,job,count(*),sum(sal),avg(sal) from emp
group by deptno,job;

########
- Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ¼ø¼­½Ö,º¹¼ö°³ÀÇ Ä÷³
########


## Àá±ñ!!
sony ¿ÕµûµéÀ» ¸ð¾Æ ¸¸µç ÀÛǰ : sony ¿öÅ©¸Ç


*************************************
*****  ´ÜÀÏÇà ÇÔ¼ö ¹®ÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö    *****
*************************************

byteÇÔ¼ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹®ÀÚÇÔ¼ö!! Àü¼¼°è¿¡´Ù°¡ ÆÈ¾Æ¸Ô±â À§ÇÏ¿©

Substr('ABCD',2,2)  --> 2¹øÂ°ºÎÅÍ 2°³ BC
Substr('´ëÇѹα¹',2,2)

length('ABCD')     ---> 4
legnth('´ëÇѹα¹')  --> 4
vsize('´ëÇѹα¹')  ---> 8  (¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼ö)

select initcap(ename),substr(ename,1,3),substr('´ëÇѹα¹',2,2) from emp;
select ename,length(ename),length('´ëÇѹα¹'),concat(ename,job),ename||job from emp;
select ename,length(ename),comm,length(comm) from emp;
select ename,concat(substr(ename,1,3),'-')||substr(ename,4) from emp;
select length('ABCD'),substr('ABCD',2,2),length('´ëÇѹα¹'),substr('´ëÇѹα¹',2,2) from dual;
select length('ABcD'),vsize('ABCD'),length('´ëÇѹα¹'),vsize('´ëÇѹα¹') from dual;

*************************************
*****  ´ÜÀÏÇà ÇÔ¼ö ¼ýÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö    *****
*************************************

@
  - ROUND(¹Ý¿Ã¸²) -------- up
|                   |
|  <Àý´ë°ª¿¬»ê>      --- down
|
  - TURNC(¶ÒµüÂ¥¸£´Ù)

  - CEIL(N) ~ N º¸´Ù Å©°Å³ª °°Àº Á¤¼öÁß ÃÖ¼Ò°ª
|
|
  - FLOOR(N) ~ N º¸´Ù À۰ųª °°Àº Á¤¼öÁß ÃÖ´ë°ª

ex)
round(4 5 . 9 2 3 , 1)
       -1 0 1 2 3
            1 <-- À̰ͱîÁö¸¸ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ú´Ù ==> 45.9

round(4 5 . 9 2 3 , 0)  default!!
       -1 0 1 2 3
          0 <-- À̰ͱîÁö¸¸ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ú´Ù ==> 46

trunc(4 5 . 9 2 3 , 0)
       -1 0 1 2 3
          0 <-- À̰ŠµÞºÎºÐÀº ©¶ó¹ö¸±·¡ ==> 45


ceil(-45.594)  ==> -45
round(-45.594) ==> -46
round(45.594) ==> 46


SQL> select round(45.923,1),round(45.923,2),round(45.923),round(45.923,-1),round(44.923,-1)
from dual

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